ISLAM
What is Islam?-
Islam is an Arabic word.
In the Religious point of view, the word Islam means 'submission, surrender and commitment to the will of God.'
In the Secular point of view, Islam means 'establishment of peace'.
Thus Islam can be defined as a path to attain complete peace through voluntary submission or commitment to the divine will.
History of Islam-
1. The Prophet and the advent of Islam:
Prophet Mohammad was born in 571 A.D. at Mecca.
Prophet was born after his father's death.
Prophet's father Abdullah died at his birthplace called Medina.
The Prophet was brought up by his mother. Amina and she died when Prophet was only 6 years old.
After Amina's death, Prophet was brought up by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib.
Two years later the grandfather also died and Prophet passed into the care of his uncle Abu Talib.
At the age of 25 years, he spent much of his time in making a lonely cave named Hira where he was said to have been occupied in prayer and meditation.
Prophet Mohammad acquired prophethood at the 40th years of his age when he received his first-wahi or message from God.
From that time he devoted himself in replanting the only true and ancient religions. In his process, he had to face misbehaves of the other Prophets whose beliefs were hurt.
Ultimately he succeeded in spreading his religion, Islam.
Pre-Islamic Arabia-
There was no such general law of the races inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula before Prophet Mohammad came into existence.
The conduct of the Arabs was regulated by customs. Most of the customs were barbarous and inhuman.
Some barbaric customs were as follows-
1) Muta marriage
2) Ill-treatment of female.
3) Misuse of talaq.
4) Female infanticide etc.
These barbaric laws were replaced by Islam to bring about a complete transformation of the Arabian society.
Prophet Mohammad must be given the credit for reforming the Arabian society by introducing Islam.
He also improved the position of a female in society.
Significance of Islam-
Islam is derived from the root word Asalam.
Asalam means perfect peace, greeting, safety and salvation.
The term Islam signifies to be at tranquilled, to do own's duty, to be paid up to attain perfect peace and finally to surrender oneself to him with whom peace is made.
The Teachings of Islam-
Islam teaches humanity is a vast brotherhood. Hence, all men are equal in Islam. It enjoins a duty to surrender to the will of God.
Who is a Muslim? -
A Muslim is a person who follows Islam and thereby to walk on the right path shown by Prophet Mohammud sent by Allah.
He must believe that Allah is one.
A person can be a Muslim by birth until he renounces Islam after attaining majority.
Though it is not necessary for a person to be a Muslim by birth. In fact, Islam depends on faith. A person can be a Muslim even by profession or by conversion.
According to Shariat, if one of the parents is Muslim, the child will be a Muslim.
In order to be treated as a Muslim, a man must profess to be a Muslim.
The Shariat-
Shariat means the totality of Allah's commandment (hukum). It is law in the wider sense.
The word Shariat literally means "the path to be followed".
The Shariat consists of Muslim common laws like Quran, Hadis, Sunna, Ijma and Qiyas.
It is used to denote the whole of Muslim religious laws. Shariat embraces all human acts in its orbit.
Shariat is a doctrine of duties. Legal consideration and individual rights have secondery place in it.
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